Overview of Sociologys Conflict Theory

Review of Sociologys Conflict Theory Strife hypothesis expresses that pressures and clashes emerge when assets, status, and force are unevenly appropriated between bunches in societyâ and that these contentions become the motor for social change. In this specific situation, influence can be comprehended as control of material assets and aggregated riches, control of legislative issues and the establishments that make up society, and ones economic wellbeing comparative with others (decided by class as well as by race, sex, sexuality, culture, and religion, in addition to other things). Karl Marx A house might be huge or little; as long as the neighboring houses are similarly little, it fulfills all social necessity for a habitation. Be that as it may, let there emerge close to the little house a royal residence, and the little house therapists to a hovel. Compensation Labor and Capital (1847) Marxs Conflict Theory Strife hypothesis began in crafted by Karl Marx, who concentrated on the causes and results of class struggle between the bourgeoisie (the proprietors of the methods for creation and the business people) and the low class (the common laborers and poor people). Concentrating on the financial, social, and political ramifications of the ascent of free enterprise in Europe, Marx speculated that this framework, commenced on the presence of an incredible minority class (the bourgeoisie) and a persecuted larger part class (the low class), made class struggle in light of the fact that the interests of the two were in conflict, and assets were unfairly conveyed among them. Inside this framework an inconsistent social request was kept up through ideological pressure which made consensusand acknowledgment of the qualities, desires, and conditions as dictated by the bourgeoisie. Marx speculated that crafted by delivering agreement was done in the superstructure of society, which is made out of socialâ institutions, political structures, and culture, and what it created accord for was the base, the financial relations of production.â Marx contemplated that as the financial conditions declined for the working class, they would build up a class awareness that uncovered their misuse on account of the well off entrepreneur class of bourgeoisie, and afterward they would revolt, requesting changes to smooth the contention. As indicated by Marx, on the off chance that the progressions made to mollify strife kept up an industrialist framework, at that point the pattern of contention would rehash. In any case, on the off chance that the progressions made another framework, similar to communism, at that point harmony and soundness would be accomplished. Advancement of Conflict Theory Numerous social scholars have based on Marxs strife hypothesis to support it, develop it, and refine it throughout the years. Clarifying why Marxs hypothesis of unrest didn't show in his lifetime, Italian researcher and activist Antonio Gramsciâ argued that the intensity of philosophy was more grounded than Marx had realizedâ and that more work should have been done to conquer social authority, orâ rule through presence of mind. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, basic scholars who were a piece of The Frankfurt School, concentrated their work on how the ascent of mass culturemass delivered workmanship, music, and mediacontributed to the upkeep of social authority. All the more as of late, C. Wright Mills attracted on struggle hypothesis to depict the ascent of a little force first class made out of military, monetary, and political figures who have administered America from the mid-twentieth century. Numerous others have attracted on struggle hypothesis to create different sorts of hypothesis inside the sociologies, including women's activist hypothesis, basic race hypothesis, postmodern and postcolonial hypothesis, eccentric hypothesis, post-auxiliary hypothesis, and speculations of globalization and world frameworks. Along these lines, while at first clash hypothesis portrayed class clashes explicitly, it has loaned itself throughout the years to investigations of how different sorts of contentions, similar to those prefaced on race, sex, sexuality, religion, culture, and nationality, among others, are a piece of contemporary social structures, and how they influence our lives. Applying Conflict Theory Struggle hypothesis and its variations are utilized by numerous sociologists today to consider a wide scope of social issues. Models include: How todays worldwide private enterprise makes a worldwide arrangement of intensity and inequality.How words assume a job in recreating and supporting conflict.The causes and results of the sexual orientation pay hole among people. Updatedâ by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

“The Seven Storey Mountain” by Thomas Merton Essay Example for Free

â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† by Thomas Merton Essay Presentation Thomas Merton experienced a huge transformation in his childhood and transformed into a noticeable Catholic creator and mystic. His life account â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† talks about his life from youth to grown-up and the transformation to Roman Catholicism and section into a religious community.  The title and the grouping of this book were enthused by Dante’s â€Å"The Divine Comedy†. Merton’s life account is separated into three sections: The first depicts his existence without God (â€Å"Hell†); the second, the start of his quest for God (â€Å"Purgatory†); and the third, his immersion and passageway into a religious request (â€Å"Paradise†). Conversation Thomas Merton’s self-portraying work â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† denoted the genuine start of his remarkable scholarly vocation. Seven years prior, he came into the Trappist nunnery of Gethsemani in Kentucky. Roused by his abbot; Dom Frederic Dunne, Merton composed his account so as to clarify his change from a non-trusting Anglican into a changed to Catholicism who left a promising instructive vocation so as to join a disconnected religious community. (Merton, 121) Over the most recent quite a long while of Merton’s life, he composed completely on such shifted subjects like fighting and serenity, the common development, racial and social separation, Eastern and Western devotion, and the relationship between traditional Christian qualities and the contemporary world. Merton isolated his collection of memoirs into three areas. The initial segment manages the years between his adolescence and the physical breakdown he endured in 1936. The subsequent area clarifies his broad time of recuperation, his change to Catholicism in 1938, and his decision in late 1939 to join an establishment. The last part talks about his perspectives past to and resulting to his passageway in the Gethsemani Monastery. The heading of Merton’s collection of memoirs portrays the seven levels in Dante’s Purgatory. (Zuercher, 67) The heavenly class permitted him to move from the most minimal to the most noteworthy level of awesome information. The book â€Å"Seven Story Mountain† clarifies in an unmistakable and unassuming manner Merton’s consistent change from a proud and impassive adolescent into a sharp and develop devotee who recovered fulfillment as a reflective evangelist. From the hour of its distribution in 1948, the book â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† has influenced numerous perusers in a positive manner. (Merton, 129) The writer in the beginning of the book â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† portrays himself as a hostage of a common and egotistical world. This assessment of the new world to a reformatory has struck the vast majority of the perusers as extraordinary. The notable British author Evelyn Waugh distributed a very much changed story of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† in the title Elected Silence in 1949. Waugh evacuated what he thought as the exaggeration in both Merton’s way and his judgment of the world out of his religious community. Despite the fact that Waugh improved numerous pieces of the content in Merton’s book, Merton believed that the cleaned and refined route picked by Waugh couldn't fittingly put across to the crowd his natural reaction as far as anyone is concerned when his change. Merton needed the perusers of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† to realize that his life would have been useless on the off chance that he had not got the endowment of conviction from God; his transformation had radically changed his impression of the world. The book â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† has been well contrasted with such exemplary self-portrayals as those of Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Saint Augustine, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Such commendation of Merton’s life account is totally fitting since he likewise broke down with practically ruthless genuineness the shortcomings and qualities of his character. Merton never endeavored to deceive his perusers by introducing himself in an excessively positive light. His emotional investigation of his own life never appears to be fake. His steady endeavor to comprehend the genuine inspiration for his ethical decisions convinces his perusers both to regard Merton’s impression of the world and to welcome the widespread components in Merton’s otherworldly and mental development: The ordered structure of this life account empowers the peruser to comprehend the slow changes which made Thomas Merton convert to Roman Catholicism and afterward to enter a sequestered religious community. (Zuercher, 71) Thomas Merton had a troublesome youth. He was brought into the world close to the Spanish fringe in the French town of Prades on January 31, 1915. His folks were the two specialists, and they moved often. His mom, an American, would bite the dust in 1921 and his dad, a New Zealander, would bite the dust almost ten years after the fact. Merton spent his youth and youthfulness in France, England, Bermuda, and the United States yet never felt comfortable anyplace. The phony and childishness of present day society discouraged him. As a result of his significant feeling of estrangement, Merton yielded such a large number of foolish inclinations: After he joined the University of Cambridge in 1933, he started to drink intensely and afterward fathered a kid with only one parent present.  His past paramour and their child both would kick the bucket during a Nazi air assault on London. During composing his personal history, Merton thought of a companion from Cambridge who had ended it all. He was sure that solitary the adoration for God had shielded him from a similar fate and that he had accomplished nothing valuable this time he had spent in England. He went to America in 1934 and afterward never returned to Europe. In the primary segment of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain†, the hopelessness and segregation which numerous individuals experience after the awfulness of the Holocaust and the pulverization of World War II is firmly and emotively communicated. In the second area of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain†, Merton unveiled that he required divine effortlessness and the moral help of his companions both so as to support profoundly. When Merton arrived at America, he enlisted at Columbia University, where he met two educators, Mark Van Doren and Dan Walsh, who seriously convinced his self-awareness. Van Doren prepared Merton to think genuinely, to offer significance to truth for itself, and to question a wide range of unmerited thinking. Snidely, Merton had never wanted to meet Van Doren. In the initiation of his lesser year at Columbia, Merton went to an inappropriate study hall accidentally. (Zuercher, 81) When Van Doren came in and began talking, Merton chose to take that course in its place and surrendered history course which he really needed to take. Merton thought of this surprising mishap as a feature of a celestial arrangement to assist him with understanding the endowment of confidence. Van Doren, who was a Protestant, got one of Merton’s closest companions, comparing with him for quite a long time and regularly visiting him at Gethsemani. Despite the fact that he didn't share Merton’s strict convictions, Van Doren unequivocally bolstered the two his change to Catholicism and his choice to enter the religious community. At whatever point he had individual issues, Merton realized that Van Doren would be there to help and guide him. Another dear companion from Columbia was Robert Lax. He urged Merton to take a seminar on medieval Scholasticism which Dan Walsh, a meeting educator of reasoning from Sacred Heart College, was to instruct at Columbia. Walsh instructed Merton that no restriction need exist between the acknowledgment of customary Christian convictions and the philosophical quest for truth. After he turned into a Catholic, Merton addressed Walsh of his enthusiasm for the brotherhood, and Walsh recommended the Trappist religious community in Gethsemani. From the start, Merton dismissed this recommendation, however inside two years he would turn into a Trappist. The greater part of his companions at Columbia were not Catholic. All things considered, they went to his sanctification in 1938. After eleven years, his Columbia companions would make a trip to Gethsemani for his appointment. Kinship improved Merton’s life and gave him the inward harmony which he required so as to acknowledge the endowment of confidence. (Merton, 135) Whatever their strict convictions; his perusers can relate to Merton’s mindful examination of the nearby connection among kinship and the quest for bliss. The third piece of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† portrays his explanations behind entering the Cistercian cloister and the extraordinary happiness which dynamic reflection brought to him there. In the wake of thinking about a couple of strict requests, he from the start left the restricted life. Regardless, after numerous discussions with his companions from Columbia and two withdraws in Cistercian religious communities, Merton made a determination that lone the thoughtful life would permit him to develop profoundly. He wrote to Gethsemani and was acknowledged for what he was: a scratch whom the unconditional present of confidence had changed into an intense devotee. At Gethsemani, Merton would understanding just because the joys of genuine enthusiastic and scholarly fulfillment. At the point when Merton came to Gethsemani on December 10, 1941, he saw the words Pax intrantibus (harmony to the individuals who enter) recorded over the passageway door. In Merton’s mind, this Latin welcome characterized the incomprehensible idea of the religious life. The various and regularly unimportant standards in a pensive request are in reality intended to bring priests inward harmony by liberating them from the simulation of the materialistic world. (Zuercher, 82). In this way, the harmony he wished to secure was the shrewdness to acknowledge everything as a feature of the perfect arrangement. However this trust in divine provision would before long be seriously tried. Just a couple of months after his landing in Gethsemani, he was called to his abbot’s office. Merton’s sibling, John Paul, at that point a sergeant in the British armed force, had gone to the nunnery in or

Pieter Brueghel Essay Example

Pieter Brueghel Essay If somebody somehow happened to consider one of the incomparable Flemish painters, Pieter Brueghel may come to mind.Often alluded to as Pieter Brueghel the Elder, he was the most significant individual from his family and an incredible painter in the sixteenth century.Pieter was conceived around 1525 in what is believed to be the town of Breda, which is currently in The Netherlands.He went on to later be an understudy to a main Antwerp craftsman named Coecke van Aelst in 1551.Brueghel at that point headed out to Italy, and later lived in Antwerp for around 10 years before for all time settling down in Brussels.In 1563 he proceeded to wed Mayken, Coecke van Aelsts daughter.This relationship with the van Aelst family attracted him to the laborer and metaphorical topics that he painted. The locations of scenes and worker life in Brueghels canvases are brimming with extraordinary detail and pass on the pressure and foolish sorts of ways of life during this time of the 1500s.His artistic creations likewise depict the numerous shortcomings found in humans.Brueghel made his own style that holds exceptional meaning.He painted a wide range of subjects, for example, Biblical scenes, fanciful depictions, and social satires.Although he painted a wide range of topics, everything falls under the school of Flemish Renaissance.Renaissance artworks are extremely reasonable with figures in normal settings utilizing exact detail.The renaissance style is spoken to in some of Brueghels well known compositions. These incorporate The Peasant Dance, The Wedding Feast, and The Landscape with the Fall of Iracus.In expansion to his works of art Brueghel got known for the inscriptions that were produced using his unique compositions.

Heart Disease Awareness Among African-american - 1100 Words

Educational Plan: Heart Disease Awareness Among African-american (Coursework Sample) Content: Educational plan: Heart disease awareness among African-AmericanEducational plan: Heart disease awareness among African-AmericanAccording to the information provided by Boston Scientific (2016), more African-Americans are prone to cardiovascular complications as compared to the whites. The information on the website indicates that the prevalence of cardiovascular infection is 49 percent and 44 percent for women and men respectively. African Americans between the ages of 45 and 64 have had a prevalence rate of 70 percent and 50 percent heart failure for men and women respectively. Hospitalization rates of heart failure cases are dependent on the onset of the heart diseases. African Americans have higher chances of acquiring the cardiovascular infection at a tender age and this increases the rates of hospitalization. There is a need to come up with an option to reduce the prevalence of heart diseases among the African Americans since the disease is a non-communicable d isease. The cause of the heart diseases has been linked to lifestyle, which can be improved through education and sensitization.Target populationThe target population for this program includes the African-American communities who have been identified as to have higher prevalence as compared to the Whites. However, it does imply that the rest of the population is safe fro the risk factors. The lessons from this program can be used in both cases but the recommendation for this case in point focuses on the African American communities around the United states of America.Important considerationsThis plan is in line with the articulation in the health care act (2010) of the United States which recommended increased involved of the community in prevention practices. The act of parliament aimed to ensure that people have access to quality, safety, and continuous care. Since the African-American population has been identified as at risk population, the care act will be used to establish str ategies for educating the community on methods of preventing the heart-related diseases. In addition, three important factors have to be considered which include the community understanding the risk factors, consultation with doctors and establishment of a personal initiative to take charge of their health.Risk factorsSeveral factors can be singled out as risk factors that lead to heart-related diseases for the case of the African Americans. Risk factors that have been identified as to be beyond control include the aspect of advancement in age and the aspect of family history. The risk factors that individuals from the African American communities can control include diabetes, cholesterol levels, physical activities, high blood pressure, overweight, and stress, smoking and drug abuse CITATION Bos161 \l 1033 (Boston Scientific, 2016). The main approach of controlling the controllable risk factors is through lifestyle management.AgeOne can have control over lifestyle but cannot have control over the advancement of age and this makes the aspect of age advancement uncontrollable. As age advances, the chances of acquiring heart-related diseases increase. Advanced age is often characterized by reduced physical activities, poor appetite and generally reduced body functioning. Individuals in these situations must seek a prescription from dieticians and clinical expert on how to live a healthy life.Family historyFamily history is another aspect that can never be changed when dealing with heart-related diseases. However, it is important to have historical facts on individuals from one's family who have had heart-related diseases in the past. Statistics have established that over 15 percent of the African-American population is likely to be diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes management practices can be used to reduce the risks of acquiring the infection. It should also be recognized that most individuals lack the awareness of diabetes. As far as high blood pressure among the African-American population is concerned, more women than men are acquiring hypertension.Blood cholesterolPeople from the community have to understand that the body requires a certain level of cholesterol. However, a lot of cholesterol has been identified as a risk factor for heart-related diseases since they lead to coronary heart diseases. It has been established that 28 percent of women and the 34 percent of men from the African-American community have high blood cholesterol. High blood cholesterol is directly related to the intake of too much bad cholesterol.Physical inactivityThe body requires regular physical activities to maintain health and fitness thus reduce the risks of acquiring heart-related infections CITATION Wis09 \l 1033 (Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 2009). Regular body exercise is needed to reduce the likelihood of high blood pressure, increased body weight, and diabetes. It has been established that over 40 percent of the African-American popula tion is inactive, which increases the chances of heart-related diseases. Taking time to engage the body in exercise enhances physical fitness, enhances brain functioning, reduces anxiety, reduces tension and depression.Overweight and obesityWhen women acquire a waist measurement of more than 40 inches or men acquiring a waist measurement of more than 35 inches, it can be considered as overweight. It is important for all African-Americans to ensure that they have a recommended body mass index. The main risk factors for overweight and obesi...

Argumentative Essay On Thanksgiving - 1766 Words

For families across the United States, Thanksgiving is a holiday to come together with family and loved ones to celebrate the good things life has to offer. Before analyzing my own family’s Thanksgiving festivities, I hadn’t given much thought to way we celebrate and what the underlying meanings of our actions are. While some of the traditions of the holiday say something about our society as a whole, I was also able to view the implicit meanings of my family’s specific actions. This analysis made me realize that while our society is attempting to move forward and break norms, they are still heavily present within our everyday subconscious actions and holiday traditions. Although I am grateful I was able to come to this realization, it†¦show more content†¦As we all sat down, there was debate on whether we should start eating or wait to say a prayer. Since none of my family is religious, we decided to go around the table and say what we were thankful for , something we do every year. As we ate our large meal conversation shifted to my brother and his fiance’s wedding plans and the topic of children was brought up. Both of them were unsure of if they wanted children, and if they did, they said they would only have one. All of the rest of my family at the table seemed disappointed in this response and began telling them what a blessing it was to have children. I turned to Katie, my brother’s fiance, and pointed out that their children would also be adorable, to which she lightheartedly corrected with â€Å"child.† The discussion moved more towards small talk, as I basically described my new life at college over and over again to each of my family members. Meanwhile, my brother and one of my cousins started getting into a debate on modern art and what defines art. My cousin was arguing that anything could be art, while my brother was saying how when he goes to a museum he becomes angry when he sees canvases painted white or just one color. I had just been learning about this topic in my Design class, but instead of contributing I sat beside them listening to their conversation, and kept my thoughts and opinions to myself. Time passed as my family and IShow MoreRelatedEnglish: Essay and Film Study1298 Words   |  6 Pagesand engage in writing as a process. Students will engage in the collaborative, social aspects of writing. Students will write clearly for a specified audience and purpose. Students will read and write a variety of non-fiction expository and argumentative genres, as well as reading, viewing, and reacting to short stories, films, and poetry. Students will produce coherent, organized, effective, readable academic writing for a variety of rhetorical situations (print, digital). Students will learnRead MoreJake Carlson. Cullen, Engc 1101-33. Argumentative Essay.1370 Words   |  6 PagesJake Carlson Cullen, ENGC 1101-33 Argumentative Essay 03/19/2017 1376 word count The United States’ Admission of Guilt for the Invasion of Native American Land Americans hunted, imprisoned, raped, and murdered Native Americans. Cherokees surviving the onslaught were forced on a 1,00-mile march to the established Indian Territory with few provisions. Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died on this â€Å"Trail of Tears†. (Library of Congress 1) In the 16th century Europeans began to make appearances in NorthRead MoreContemporary Moral Issue Essay2709 Words   |  11 Pages philosophical essays, and book excerpts, all of which will be posted on Blackboard (http://blackboard.wm.edu). Goals of the Course: By taking Contemporary Moral Issues, students will: learn how to read difficult philosophical texts and gain an understanding and appreciation of important arguments in the field; learn how to express their thoughts in writing clearly and concisely (students will have the opportunity to attain this goal through response papers, quizzes and essays); learn how toRead MoreRhetorical Devices Used By Brave New World Essay2350 Words   |  10 PagesAlmost all citizens are brainwashed to think that they are happy all the time. Bernard, however, will not fake his happiness and he is not afraid to express himself when he is not. 2. A. Claim: Write a claim/thesis. Options for claims: 1. Argumentative Claim- state what you think Huxley is attempting to prove or disprove in the chapter (example: Huxley’s point that the government controls society by brainwashing the masses into a complacent acceptance of our social classes is not only valid butRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesown conclusion, then its your responsibility to give them reasons they can appreciate. Lets examine that last remark. A conclusion backed up by one or more reasons in any order is called an argument, even when the reasoner is not being argumentative or disagreeable. The word â€Å"argument† is a technical term we will be using frequently in this course. Being logical means, among other things, that you should give an argument to support your conclusion if you expect other people to accept it

Technology And Its Effect On Society - 1234 Words

In today’s day, technology has literally evolved into everyone daily lives. The vast amount of information and capabilities now are endless in almost every aspect of life. More and more we are becoming dependent on it and it functioning for us. People now basically lose their minds if their internet connection goes down or they cannot access their Facebook account. Our daily errands from paying bills or going to the bank to depositing checks can now all be done by a snap of a picture or a click of a button. I think is it is absolutely incredible that you can now do all of your necessary shopping for things you want from sitting on your couch and next thing you know they will be at your doorstep with days, and now sometimes within hours. Now with all these great capabilities come the dark side. With all that positive stuff, there has to come the negative. Criminals have taken full advantage of these technological capabilities and used them in their benefit to commit crimes. The se are crimes that can make almost anyone susceptible to becoming a victim. This is where cybercrime technology comes into play. Technology as noted has such a distinct relationship with criminal behavior in today’s times. It has been said that technology can be looked at as the vehicle for criminal activity. There has however been a new technological spin on existing criminal behavior. Criminal behavior can to be accompanied within the use of the following: spoken language, paper and pencil, theShow MoreRelatedTechnology : The Effects Of Technology And Society1283 Words   |  6 Pages The effects of technology with society has beneficial impacted the way we live. With technology is providing many advantages, but also it has some disadvantages it has on children and adults. There is little room for people that wish to live without technology, moreover than living the way they did in the old days. 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(â€Å"Technology†) In addition, technology has become a basic necessity for people all around the world. Not only does technology have positive effects on how people function in the world, but it also has many negative effects. On a similar topic, technology has improved the way we live tremendously, but people have become extremely dependent on it, almost to the point to whereRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1396 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology on its own cannot be beneficial or detrimental to the cognitive ability and the human relationship. Its effect on society depends on how and when technology is used. Technology continues to interact with our human experience in some way or the other. It is profoundly reshaping how we live today and giving rise to new strand of lifestyle and custom. With the rise of technologies, we expect to gain from its advances in the field of communication, social interaction, research and developmentRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1694 Words   |  7 PagesTechnological advances have certainly entered this era to facilitate people’s lives. There is no doubt that some new technology has been created to help operate or effectively manage time in a way that would be beneficial to humans. Technology significantly helps a number of people. A group that greatly benefits with the advances of technology is teenagers. Teens constantly use computers for schoolwork, networking, or knowing anything they want to know with a simple use of their fingertips. FurthermoreRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Society1372 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Abuse Technology has rapidly increased over the past few years and has had a great impact on everyone in several ways. The impact of this applied science on people’s lifestyles has made several too dependent on technology. There needs to be a specific limit to technology that is reasonable but considerable for everyone. This new addiction is truly significant because this modern world of ours can have dangerous consequences that we are not aware of. In the past, many of the machines and

Applied Business Research Stakeholder Theory

Question: Discuss about theApplied Business Researchfor Stakeholder Theory. Answer: Part One Stakeholder Theory: A stakeholder is an individual or a group of individuals, who possess specific interests in an organisation and these individuals could influence or be influenced by the business (Zanjirchi and Moradi 2012). There are different types of stakeholders associated with the business organisations, which comprise of both internal and external stakeholders (Strand and Freeman 2015). The internal stakeholders are the employees, managers and owners of the business, while the external stakeholders of the business are mainly the suppliers, the shareholders, the government bodies, creditors, financers and communities. There is a great impact of all these stakeholders in the business (Bridoux and Stoelhorst 2014). From the conventional viewpoint of an organisation, increasing the value of the shareholders is of prime importance. Therefore, the organisations develop obligatory fiduciary duties to place their requirements in the first place. In opposition to this, the stakeholder theory points out that the needs of the other stakeholders are significant for an organisation to manage the business activities and operations effectively. In fact, the competitors are often treated as the stakeholders of an organisation and their status is determined based on their capacities to influence the company and its associated stakeholders. The sustainability related conditions at the suppliers affect the buyers economic performance. The effect of the SRC in the economic performance has been studied using a regression equation. The SRC has been taken as independent variable and the economic benefits are taken as dependent variables. The prices of the products, buyer vulnerability, spillover benefits and others also influence the buyers economic policies along with the SRC at the suppliers (Busse 2015). Suppliers SRC by four mediating effects influence the buyers performance. The effect of SRC through purchasing cost is negative while the effect of SRC through risk costs of the supply chain, benefits from collaboration and benefits from stemming excess of the self-promotion of a supplier. The Stakeholder theory has been implemented on the part of the managers to address higher-level ethical issues in the business. The implementation of the ethical standards by the managers has helped in improving the business conditions. The ethical considerations are less efficient in making a value judgment and are more about creating a conversation between the stakeholders and the organization (Edward Freeman et al. 2012). The annual profit of the organization for the previous year has been estimated to be 1203 for each employee. The average income of the sector is 1228 for each employee. The value has a standard deviation of 104 for each employee. Therefore, it has to be tested whether the average income is equal to 1228 or not. The null hypothesis of the test is H0: The mean value of profit per employees is equal to 1228 and the alternative hypothesis is H1: The mean value of the profit per employees is greater than 1228. A t-test could be conducted assuming the income to be normally distributed. The null hypothesis of the test is H0: = 1228 and the alternative hypothesis is H1: 1228. The p-value of the test is 0.405, which is greater than the given level of significance = 0.05. This implies null hypothesis of the test is accepted. The average value of the profit per employees equals to 1228. The probability that the mean value of the profit of each employee is equal to 1203 is given by: P[ X 1203] = P[ Z (1203 1203)/104] (Since the mean value of profit per employee is equal to 1203 and the standard deviation value are 104) P [Z 0] = 0.5. (Since Z follows a standard normal distribution (Tong 2012). Therefore, the required probability is 0.05. The p-value of the test so computed is entirely based on the estimated mean value from the sample. The change in mean value of the sample will change the mean value of the population as well. If the p-value computed from the sample is equal to 0.0302 and the significance level is equal to 0.01, then also the null hypothesis will be rejected as p-value is less than the given level of significance level. When the null hypothesis is rejected when the null hypothesis that is H0 is actually true, then this is the Type I error. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is known as probability of committing Type I error. The annual profit from each employee has been calculated to be 1228. The test results suggest that the null hypothesis of the test has been accepted. This means that the average annual profit per employee could be assumed 1203 based on the results of the test. Although there is a slight difference in the estimated value from the sample and the actual value from the population, the probability that the sample value is different from population value is very small. Therefore, it could be assumed that the profit per employee is 1203. Part Two: The article illustrates the ways of making decisions in the supply chain (Wu and Pagell 2011). The economic as well as the environmental issues affect the supply chain. The environmental issues are the proper management of the environmental resources in order to maintain the environmental sustainability. There is dependence between the environmental challenges and the economic issues. The environmental issues such as changes in the environment often affect the economic problems such as the price changes. Most of the firm oversees these issues and go on exploiting the environment. The loss of the companies due to this exploitation of the firms is not visible in the short term, but it affects in the long-term production and business activities. The people or organizations that affect the business or are affected by firm are referred to as the stakeholders. The environmental concerns involve some third party stakeholders like the NGOs, who were not involved in the business earlier. The involvement of these organizations and the concern about environmental pollution may increase the cost initially, but will decrease the cost in the long-run. The objective of the research is to understand how the companies can make decision in the supply chain by considering the environmental issues. The environmental issues have always been a part of the business. The business need to operate its activities in such a way to maintain the environmental sustainability. The incorporation of environmental concern in supply chain is referred to as the green supply chain. There always exist a positive association between the quality management and the environmental issues. The environmental concerns offer both benefits as well as challenges to the organizations. The organizations have to bear some extra costs to manage environment related issues. In order to reduce carbon emission, the companies have introduced carbon less products that would lead to a clean and green environment. The use of these products by the companies may incur a little more cost, but these will benefit the company in the future. However, this is also true that not all the stakeholders of the business firm can be satisfied at the same time. The environmental concerns always involve a huge amount of costs. The exis ting studies have revealed that the managers of the companies have claimed to manage this environment related issues in the supply chain. However, the way of satisfying all the stakeholders in the supply chain is not yet understood. The research methodology involves the methods of accumulating pertinent information for the particular study, which could be both primary and secondary in nature. The secondary data has been collected from the case studies. This constitutes the qualitative research part of the study. However, this is not sufficient to arrive at meaningful inferences of the research. The research also involves some quantitative research, which comprises of collection of primary data. The primary data can be collected with the help of research questionnaire, interview, direct observation and other methods. The direct interview method has been applied in this case to suit the purpose of the research. The interview been conducted among the managers of the company and the range of each interview varies from 60 to 80 minutes. However, some interviews have lasted more than 120 minutes as well. The data collected from the interviews has been evaluated cortically to arrive at the research outcome. The researc her has followed deductive approach, since the existing theories and models have been used to carry out the research work. The data has been collected by interviewing the managers of eight such environmental firms. The managers of these eight firms are unable to point out how they are managing with the cost and the economic benefits in the short-term results. The managers have stated that it is like a new challenge to them to earn more profit in the supply chain even after considering the environmental issues. The workers of the company should be given proper training about the environmental hazards that could arise if the environment related issues are not addressed during the production process. The supply chain management suffers a bit in the short run due to the awareness of the workers of the firms. However, the environmental issues are managed properly in the supply chain. In these cases, the productivity is also not hampered due to the awareness of the workers. The sampling method used for data collection is stratified sampling. The different forms of the companies like the food and beverage compa nies, wood and forestry companies, IT and hardware companies are taken as the strata. The organizations also adopt various environmental initiatives to distinguish themselves in the supply chain. This makes the companies distinct from other companies and people become more interested to buy their products. Thus by taking environmental concerns in the supply chain, the company could also attract more customers to buy their products. The use of Cleaning Products for the environmental issues involves other stakeholders like the NGOs and others into the supply chain. This in turn helps in the growth of some organizations. The environmental concern and supply chain runs side by side, as it is pointed out in the given article. The business model of the company needs to be understood in order to understand the ways by which the company is making profit from sustainability. The article suggests that the organizational and technical challenges of the company need to be studied for understanding the ways by which the company is managing environmental issues. The article states that the results obtained from the case studies does not focuses on a single point of view and different companies have different strategies for environmental issues. Therefore, it is advisable to review the business performance and environmental performance because of sustainability practices to make decision about managing environmental issues in the supply chain. A few more research needs to be done in this matter regarding the role of the managers in the sustainable issues in supply chain. References: Bridoux, F. and Stoelhorst, J.W., 2014. Microfoundations for stakeholder theory: Managing stakeholders with heterogeneous motives. 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