Overview of Sociologys Conflict Theory

Review of Sociologys Conflict Theory Strife hypothesis expresses that pressures and clashes emerge when assets, status, and force are unevenly appropriated between bunches in societyâ and that these contentions become the motor for social change. In this specific situation, influence can be comprehended as control of material assets and aggregated riches, control of legislative issues and the establishments that make up society, and ones economic wellbeing comparative with others (decided by class as well as by race, sex, sexuality, culture, and religion, in addition to other things). Karl Marx A house might be huge or little; as long as the neighboring houses are similarly little, it fulfills all social necessity for a habitation. Be that as it may, let there emerge close to the little house a royal residence, and the little house therapists to a hovel. Compensation Labor and Capital (1847) Marxs Conflict Theory Strife hypothesis began in crafted by Karl Marx, who concentrated on the causes and results of class struggle between the bourgeoisie (the proprietors of the methods for creation and the business people) and the low class (the common laborers and poor people). Concentrating on the financial, social, and political ramifications of the ascent of free enterprise in Europe, Marx speculated that this framework, commenced on the presence of an incredible minority class (the bourgeoisie) and a persecuted larger part class (the low class), made class struggle in light of the fact that the interests of the two were in conflict, and assets were unfairly conveyed among them. Inside this framework an inconsistent social request was kept up through ideological pressure which made consensusand acknowledgment of the qualities, desires, and conditions as dictated by the bourgeoisie. Marx speculated that crafted by delivering agreement was done in the superstructure of society, which is made out of socialâ institutions, political structures, and culture, and what it created accord for was the base, the financial relations of production.â Marx contemplated that as the financial conditions declined for the working class, they would build up a class awareness that uncovered their misuse on account of the well off entrepreneur class of bourgeoisie, and afterward they would revolt, requesting changes to smooth the contention. As indicated by Marx, on the off chance that the progressions made to mollify strife kept up an industrialist framework, at that point the pattern of contention would rehash. In any case, on the off chance that the progressions made another framework, similar to communism, at that point harmony and soundness would be accomplished. Advancement of Conflict Theory Numerous social scholars have based on Marxs strife hypothesis to support it, develop it, and refine it throughout the years. Clarifying why Marxs hypothesis of unrest didn't show in his lifetime, Italian researcher and activist Antonio Gramsciâ argued that the intensity of philosophy was more grounded than Marx had realizedâ and that more work should have been done to conquer social authority, orâ rule through presence of mind. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, basic scholars who were a piece of The Frankfurt School, concentrated their work on how the ascent of mass culturemass delivered workmanship, music, and mediacontributed to the upkeep of social authority. All the more as of late, C. Wright Mills attracted on struggle hypothesis to depict the ascent of a little force first class made out of military, monetary, and political figures who have administered America from the mid-twentieth century. Numerous others have attracted on struggle hypothesis to create different sorts of hypothesis inside the sociologies, including women's activist hypothesis, basic race hypothesis, postmodern and postcolonial hypothesis, eccentric hypothesis, post-auxiliary hypothesis, and speculations of globalization and world frameworks. Along these lines, while at first clash hypothesis portrayed class clashes explicitly, it has loaned itself throughout the years to investigations of how different sorts of contentions, similar to those prefaced on race, sex, sexuality, religion, culture, and nationality, among others, are a piece of contemporary social structures, and how they influence our lives. Applying Conflict Theory Struggle hypothesis and its variations are utilized by numerous sociologists today to consider a wide scope of social issues. Models include: How todays worldwide private enterprise makes a worldwide arrangement of intensity and inequality.How words assume a job in recreating and supporting conflict.The causes and results of the sexual orientation pay hole among people. Updatedâ by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

“The Seven Storey Mountain” by Thomas Merton Essay Example for Free

â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† by Thomas Merton Essay Presentation Thomas Merton experienced a huge transformation in his childhood and transformed into a noticeable Catholic creator and mystic. His life account â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† talks about his life from youth to grown-up and the transformation to Roman Catholicism and section into a religious community.  The title and the grouping of this book were enthused by Dante’s â€Å"The Divine Comedy†. Merton’s life account is separated into three sections: The first depicts his existence without God (â€Å"Hell†); the second, the start of his quest for God (â€Å"Purgatory†); and the third, his immersion and passageway into a religious request (â€Å"Paradise†). Conversation Thomas Merton’s self-portraying work â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† denoted the genuine start of his remarkable scholarly vocation. Seven years prior, he came into the Trappist nunnery of Gethsemani in Kentucky. Roused by his abbot; Dom Frederic Dunne, Merton composed his account so as to clarify his change from a non-trusting Anglican into a changed to Catholicism who left a promising instructive vocation so as to join a disconnected religious community. (Merton, 121) Over the most recent quite a long while of Merton’s life, he composed completely on such shifted subjects like fighting and serenity, the common development, racial and social separation, Eastern and Western devotion, and the relationship between traditional Christian qualities and the contemporary world. Merton isolated his collection of memoirs into three areas. The initial segment manages the years between his adolescence and the physical breakdown he endured in 1936. The subsequent area clarifies his broad time of recuperation, his change to Catholicism in 1938, and his decision in late 1939 to join an establishment. The last part talks about his perspectives past to and resulting to his passageway in the Gethsemani Monastery. The heading of Merton’s collection of memoirs portrays the seven levels in Dante’s Purgatory. (Zuercher, 67) The heavenly class permitted him to move from the most minimal to the most noteworthy level of awesome information. The book â€Å"Seven Story Mountain† clarifies in an unmistakable and unassuming manner Merton’s consistent change from a proud and impassive adolescent into a sharp and develop devotee who recovered fulfillment as a reflective evangelist. From the hour of its distribution in 1948, the book â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† has influenced numerous perusers in a positive manner. (Merton, 129) The writer in the beginning of the book â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† portrays himself as a hostage of a common and egotistical world. This assessment of the new world to a reformatory has struck the vast majority of the perusers as extraordinary. The notable British author Evelyn Waugh distributed a very much changed story of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† in the title Elected Silence in 1949. Waugh evacuated what he thought as the exaggeration in both Merton’s way and his judgment of the world out of his religious community. Despite the fact that Waugh improved numerous pieces of the content in Merton’s book, Merton believed that the cleaned and refined route picked by Waugh couldn't fittingly put across to the crowd his natural reaction as far as anyone is concerned when his change. Merton needed the perusers of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† to realize that his life would have been useless on the off chance that he had not got the endowment of conviction from God; his transformation had radically changed his impression of the world. The book â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† has been well contrasted with such exemplary self-portrayals as those of Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Saint Augustine, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Such commendation of Merton’s life account is totally fitting since he likewise broke down with practically ruthless genuineness the shortcomings and qualities of his character. Merton never endeavored to deceive his perusers by introducing himself in an excessively positive light. His emotional investigation of his own life never appears to be fake. His steady endeavor to comprehend the genuine inspiration for his ethical decisions convinces his perusers both to regard Merton’s impression of the world and to welcome the widespread components in Merton’s otherworldly and mental development: The ordered structure of this life account empowers the peruser to comprehend the slow changes which made Thomas Merton convert to Roman Catholicism and afterward to enter a sequestered religious community. (Zuercher, 71) Thomas Merton had a troublesome youth. He was brought into the world close to the Spanish fringe in the French town of Prades on January 31, 1915. His folks were the two specialists, and they moved often. His mom, an American, would bite the dust in 1921 and his dad, a New Zealander, would bite the dust almost ten years after the fact. Merton spent his youth and youthfulness in France, England, Bermuda, and the United States yet never felt comfortable anyplace. The phony and childishness of present day society discouraged him. As a result of his significant feeling of estrangement, Merton yielded such a large number of foolish inclinations: After he joined the University of Cambridge in 1933, he started to drink intensely and afterward fathered a kid with only one parent present.  His past paramour and their child both would kick the bucket during a Nazi air assault on London. During composing his personal history, Merton thought of a companion from Cambridge who had ended it all. He was sure that solitary the adoration for God had shielded him from a similar fate and that he had accomplished nothing valuable this time he had spent in England. He went to America in 1934 and afterward never returned to Europe. In the primary segment of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain†, the hopelessness and segregation which numerous individuals experience after the awfulness of the Holocaust and the pulverization of World War II is firmly and emotively communicated. In the second area of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain†, Merton unveiled that he required divine effortlessness and the moral help of his companions both so as to support profoundly. When Merton arrived at America, he enlisted at Columbia University, where he met two educators, Mark Van Doren and Dan Walsh, who seriously convinced his self-awareness. Van Doren prepared Merton to think genuinely, to offer significance to truth for itself, and to question a wide range of unmerited thinking. Snidely, Merton had never wanted to meet Van Doren. In the initiation of his lesser year at Columbia, Merton went to an inappropriate study hall accidentally. (Zuercher, 81) When Van Doren came in and began talking, Merton chose to take that course in its place and surrendered history course which he really needed to take. Merton thought of this surprising mishap as a feature of a celestial arrangement to assist him with understanding the endowment of confidence. Van Doren, who was a Protestant, got one of Merton’s closest companions, comparing with him for quite a long time and regularly visiting him at Gethsemani. Despite the fact that he didn't share Merton’s strict convictions, Van Doren unequivocally bolstered the two his change to Catholicism and his choice to enter the religious community. At whatever point he had individual issues, Merton realized that Van Doren would be there to help and guide him. Another dear companion from Columbia was Robert Lax. He urged Merton to take a seminar on medieval Scholasticism which Dan Walsh, a meeting educator of reasoning from Sacred Heart College, was to instruct at Columbia. Walsh instructed Merton that no restriction need exist between the acknowledgment of customary Christian convictions and the philosophical quest for truth. After he turned into a Catholic, Merton addressed Walsh of his enthusiasm for the brotherhood, and Walsh recommended the Trappist religious community in Gethsemani. From the start, Merton dismissed this recommendation, however inside two years he would turn into a Trappist. The greater part of his companions at Columbia were not Catholic. All things considered, they went to his sanctification in 1938. After eleven years, his Columbia companions would make a trip to Gethsemani for his appointment. Kinship improved Merton’s life and gave him the inward harmony which he required so as to acknowledge the endowment of confidence. (Merton, 135) Whatever their strict convictions; his perusers can relate to Merton’s mindful examination of the nearby connection among kinship and the quest for bliss. The third piece of â€Å"The Seven Story Mountain† portrays his explanations behind entering the Cistercian cloister and the extraordinary happiness which dynamic reflection brought to him there. In the wake of thinking about a couple of strict requests, he from the start left the restricted life. Regardless, after numerous discussions with his companions from Columbia and two withdraws in Cistercian religious communities, Merton made a determination that lone the thoughtful life would permit him to develop profoundly. He wrote to Gethsemani and was acknowledged for what he was: a scratch whom the unconditional present of confidence had changed into an intense devotee. At Gethsemani, Merton would understanding just because the joys of genuine enthusiastic and scholarly fulfillment. At the point when Merton came to Gethsemani on December 10, 1941, he saw the words Pax intrantibus (harmony to the individuals who enter) recorded over the passageway door. In Merton’s mind, this Latin welcome characterized the incomprehensible idea of the religious life. The various and regularly unimportant standards in a pensive request are in reality intended to bring priests inward harmony by liberating them from the simulation of the materialistic world. (Zuercher, 82). In this way, the harmony he wished to secure was the shrewdness to acknowledge everything as a feature of the perfect arrangement. However this trust in divine provision would before long be seriously tried. Just a couple of months after his landing in Gethsemani, he was called to his abbot’s office. Merton’s sibling, John Paul, at that point a sergeant in the British armed force, had gone to the nunnery in or

Pieter Brueghel Essay Example

Pieter Brueghel Essay If somebody somehow happened to consider one of the incomparable Flemish painters, Pieter Brueghel may come to mind.Often alluded to as Pieter Brueghel the Elder, he was the most significant individual from his family and an incredible painter in the sixteenth century.Pieter was conceived around 1525 in what is believed to be the town of Breda, which is currently in The Netherlands.He went on to later be an understudy to a main Antwerp craftsman named Coecke van Aelst in 1551.Brueghel at that point headed out to Italy, and later lived in Antwerp for around 10 years before for all time settling down in Brussels.In 1563 he proceeded to wed Mayken, Coecke van Aelsts daughter.This relationship with the van Aelst family attracted him to the laborer and metaphorical topics that he painted. The locations of scenes and worker life in Brueghels canvases are brimming with extraordinary detail and pass on the pressure and foolish sorts of ways of life during this time of the 1500s.His artistic creations likewise depict the numerous shortcomings found in humans.Brueghel made his own style that holds exceptional meaning.He painted a wide range of subjects, for example, Biblical scenes, fanciful depictions, and social satires.Although he painted a wide range of topics, everything falls under the school of Flemish Renaissance.Renaissance artworks are extremely reasonable with figures in normal settings utilizing exact detail.The renaissance style is spoken to in some of Brueghels well known compositions. These incorporate The Peasant Dance, The Wedding Feast, and The Landscape with the Fall of Iracus.In expansion to his works of art Brueghel got known for the inscriptions that were produced using his unique compositions.

Heart Disease Awareness Among African-american - 1100 Words

Educational Plan: Heart Disease Awareness Among African-american (Coursework Sample) Content: Educational plan: Heart disease awareness among African-AmericanEducational plan: Heart disease awareness among African-AmericanAccording to the information provided by Boston Scientific (2016), more African-Americans are prone to cardiovascular complications as compared to the whites. The information on the website indicates that the prevalence of cardiovascular infection is 49 percent and 44 percent for women and men respectively. African Americans between the ages of 45 and 64 have had a prevalence rate of 70 percent and 50 percent heart failure for men and women respectively. Hospitalization rates of heart failure cases are dependent on the onset of the heart diseases. African Americans have higher chances of acquiring the cardiovascular infection at a tender age and this increases the rates of hospitalization. There is a need to come up with an option to reduce the prevalence of heart diseases among the African Americans since the disease is a non-communicable d isease. The cause of the heart diseases has been linked to lifestyle, which can be improved through education and sensitization.Target populationThe target population for this program includes the African-American communities who have been identified as to have higher prevalence as compared to the Whites. However, it does imply that the rest of the population is safe fro the risk factors. The lessons from this program can be used in both cases but the recommendation for this case in point focuses on the African American communities around the United states of America.Important considerationsThis plan is in line with the articulation in the health care act (2010) of the United States which recommended increased involved of the community in prevention practices. The act of parliament aimed to ensure that people have access to quality, safety, and continuous care. Since the African-American population has been identified as at risk population, the care act will be used to establish str ategies for educating the community on methods of preventing the heart-related diseases. In addition, three important factors have to be considered which include the community understanding the risk factors, consultation with doctors and establishment of a personal initiative to take charge of their health.Risk factorsSeveral factors can be singled out as risk factors that lead to heart-related diseases for the case of the African Americans. Risk factors that have been identified as to be beyond control include the aspect of advancement in age and the aspect of family history. The risk factors that individuals from the African American communities can control include diabetes, cholesterol levels, physical activities, high blood pressure, overweight, and stress, smoking and drug abuse CITATION Bos161 \l 1033 (Boston Scientific, 2016). The main approach of controlling the controllable risk factors is through lifestyle management.AgeOne can have control over lifestyle but cannot have control over the advancement of age and this makes the aspect of age advancement uncontrollable. As age advances, the chances of acquiring heart-related diseases increase. Advanced age is often characterized by reduced physical activities, poor appetite and generally reduced body functioning. Individuals in these situations must seek a prescription from dieticians and clinical expert on how to live a healthy life.Family historyFamily history is another aspect that can never be changed when dealing with heart-related diseases. However, it is important to have historical facts on individuals from one's family who have had heart-related diseases in the past. Statistics have established that over 15 percent of the African-American population is likely to be diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes management practices can be used to reduce the risks of acquiring the infection. It should also be recognized that most individuals lack the awareness of diabetes. As far as high blood pressure among the African-American population is concerned, more women than men are acquiring hypertension.Blood cholesterolPeople from the community have to understand that the body requires a certain level of cholesterol. However, a lot of cholesterol has been identified as a risk factor for heart-related diseases since they lead to coronary heart diseases. It has been established that 28 percent of women and the 34 percent of men from the African-American community have high blood cholesterol. High blood cholesterol is directly related to the intake of too much bad cholesterol.Physical inactivityThe body requires regular physical activities to maintain health and fitness thus reduce the risks of acquiring heart-related infections CITATION Wis09 \l 1033 (Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 2009). Regular body exercise is needed to reduce the likelihood of high blood pressure, increased body weight, and diabetes. It has been established that over 40 percent of the African-American popula tion is inactive, which increases the chances of heart-related diseases. Taking time to engage the body in exercise enhances physical fitness, enhances brain functioning, reduces anxiety, reduces tension and depression.Overweight and obesityWhen women acquire a waist measurement of more than 40 inches or men acquiring a waist measurement of more than 35 inches, it can be considered as overweight. It is important for all African-Americans to ensure that they have a recommended body mass index. The main risk factors for overweight and obesi...

Argumentative Essay On Thanksgiving - 1766 Words

For families across the United States, Thanksgiving is a holiday to come together with family and loved ones to celebrate the good things life has to offer. Before analyzing my own family’s Thanksgiving festivities, I hadn’t given much thought to way we celebrate and what the underlying meanings of our actions are. While some of the traditions of the holiday say something about our society as a whole, I was also able to view the implicit meanings of my family’s specific actions. This analysis made me realize that while our society is attempting to move forward and break norms, they are still heavily present within our everyday subconscious actions and holiday traditions. Although I am grateful I was able to come to this realization, it†¦show more content†¦As we all sat down, there was debate on whether we should start eating or wait to say a prayer. Since none of my family is religious, we decided to go around the table and say what we were thankful for , something we do every year. As we ate our large meal conversation shifted to my brother and his fiance’s wedding plans and the topic of children was brought up. Both of them were unsure of if they wanted children, and if they did, they said they would only have one. All of the rest of my family at the table seemed disappointed in this response and began telling them what a blessing it was to have children. I turned to Katie, my brother’s fiance, and pointed out that their children would also be adorable, to which she lightheartedly corrected with â€Å"child.† The discussion moved more towards small talk, as I basically described my new life at college over and over again to each of my family members. Meanwhile, my brother and one of my cousins started getting into a debate on modern art and what defines art. My cousin was arguing that anything could be art, while my brother was saying how when he goes to a museum he becomes angry when he sees canvases painted white or just one color. I had just been learning about this topic in my Design class, but instead of contributing I sat beside them listening to their conversation, and kept my thoughts and opinions to myself. Time passed as my family and IShow MoreRelatedEnglish: Essay and Film Study1298 Words   |  6 Pagesand engage in writing as a process. Students will engage in the collaborative, social aspects of writing. Students will write clearly for a specified audience and purpose. Students will read and write a variety of non-fiction expository and argumentative genres, as well as reading, viewing, and reacting to short stories, films, and poetry. Students will produce coherent, organized, effective, readable academic writing for a variety of rhetorical situations (print, digital). Students will learnRead MoreJake Carlson. Cullen, Engc 1101-33. Argumentative Essay.1370 Words   |  6 PagesJake Carlson Cullen, ENGC 1101-33 Argumentative Essay 03/19/2017 1376 word count The United States’ Admission of Guilt for the Invasion of Native American Land Americans hunted, imprisoned, raped, and murdered Native Americans. Cherokees surviving the onslaught were forced on a 1,00-mile march to the established Indian Territory with few provisions. Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died on this â€Å"Trail of Tears†. (Library of Congress 1) In the 16th century Europeans began to make appearances in NorthRead MoreContemporary Moral Issue Essay2709 Words   |  11 Pages philosophical essays, and book excerpts, all of which will be posted on Blackboard (http://blackboard.wm.edu). Goals of the Course: By taking Contemporary Moral Issues, students will: learn how to read difficult philosophical texts and gain an understanding and appreciation of important arguments in the field; learn how to express their thoughts in writing clearly and concisely (students will have the opportunity to attain this goal through response papers, quizzes and essays); learn how toRead MoreRhetorical Devices Used By Brave New World Essay2350 Words   |  10 PagesAlmost all citizens are brainwashed to think that they are happy all the time. Bernard, however, will not fake his happiness and he is not afraid to express himself when he is not. 2. A. Claim: Write a claim/thesis. Options for claims: 1. Argumentative Claim- state what you think Huxley is attempting to prove or disprove in the chapter (example: Huxley’s point that the government controls society by brainwashing the masses into a complacent acceptance of our social classes is not only valid butRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesown conclusion, then its your responsibility to give them reasons they can appreciate. Lets examine that last remark. A conclusion backed up by one or more reasons in any order is called an argument, even when the reasoner is not being argumentative or disagreeable. The word â€Å"argument† is a technical term we will be using frequently in this course. Being logical means, among other things, that you should give an argument to support your conclusion if you expect other people to accept it

Technology And Its Effect On Society - 1234 Words

In today’s day, technology has literally evolved into everyone daily lives. The vast amount of information and capabilities now are endless in almost every aspect of life. More and more we are becoming dependent on it and it functioning for us. People now basically lose their minds if their internet connection goes down or they cannot access their Facebook account. Our daily errands from paying bills or going to the bank to depositing checks can now all be done by a snap of a picture or a click of a button. I think is it is absolutely incredible that you can now do all of your necessary shopping for things you want from sitting on your couch and next thing you know they will be at your doorstep with days, and now sometimes within hours. Now with all these great capabilities come the dark side. With all that positive stuff, there has to come the negative. Criminals have taken full advantage of these technological capabilities and used them in their benefit to commit crimes. The se are crimes that can make almost anyone susceptible to becoming a victim. This is where cybercrime technology comes into play. Technology as noted has such a distinct relationship with criminal behavior in today’s times. It has been said that technology can be looked at as the vehicle for criminal activity. There has however been a new technological spin on existing criminal behavior. Criminal behavior can to be accompanied within the use of the following: spoken language, paper and pencil, theShow MoreRelatedTechnology : The Effects Of Technology And Society1283 Words   |  6 Pages The effects of technology with society has beneficial impacted the way we live. With technology is providing many advantages, but also it has some disadvantages it has on children and adults. There is little room for people that wish to live without technology, moreover than living the way they did in the old days. 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(â€Å"Technology†) In addition, technology has become a basic necessity for people all around the world. Not only does technology have positive effects on how people function in the world, but it also has many negative effects. On a similar topic, technology has improved the way we live tremendously, but people have become extremely dependent on it, almost to the point to whereRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1396 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology on its own cannot be beneficial or detrimental to the cognitive ability and the human relationship. Its effect on society depends on how and when technology is used. Technology continues to interact with our human experience in some way or the other. It is profoundly reshaping how we live today and giving rise to new strand of lifestyle and custom. With the rise of technologies, we expect to gain from its advances in the field of communication, social interaction, research and developmentRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1694 Words   |  7 PagesTechnological advances have certainly entered this era to facilitate people’s lives. There is no doubt that some new technology has been created to help operate or effectively manage time in a way that would be beneficial to humans. Technology significantly helps a number of people. A group that greatly benefits with the advances of technology is teenagers. Teens constantly use computers for schoolwork, networking, or knowing anything they want to know with a simple use of their fingertips. FurthermoreRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Society1372 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Abuse Technology has rapidly increased over the past few years and has had a great impact on everyone in several ways. The impact of this applied science on people’s lifestyles has made several too dependent on technology. There needs to be a specific limit to technology that is reasonable but considerable for everyone. This new addiction is truly significant because this modern world of ours can have dangerous consequences that we are not aware of. In the past, many of the machines and

Applied Business Research Stakeholder Theory

Question: Discuss about theApplied Business Researchfor Stakeholder Theory. Answer: Part One Stakeholder Theory: A stakeholder is an individual or a group of individuals, who possess specific interests in an organisation and these individuals could influence or be influenced by the business (Zanjirchi and Moradi 2012). There are different types of stakeholders associated with the business organisations, which comprise of both internal and external stakeholders (Strand and Freeman 2015). The internal stakeholders are the employees, managers and owners of the business, while the external stakeholders of the business are mainly the suppliers, the shareholders, the government bodies, creditors, financers and communities. There is a great impact of all these stakeholders in the business (Bridoux and Stoelhorst 2014). From the conventional viewpoint of an organisation, increasing the value of the shareholders is of prime importance. Therefore, the organisations develop obligatory fiduciary duties to place their requirements in the first place. In opposition to this, the stakeholder theory points out that the needs of the other stakeholders are significant for an organisation to manage the business activities and operations effectively. In fact, the competitors are often treated as the stakeholders of an organisation and their status is determined based on their capacities to influence the company and its associated stakeholders. The sustainability related conditions at the suppliers affect the buyers economic performance. The effect of the SRC in the economic performance has been studied using a regression equation. The SRC has been taken as independent variable and the economic benefits are taken as dependent variables. The prices of the products, buyer vulnerability, spillover benefits and others also influence the buyers economic policies along with the SRC at the suppliers (Busse 2015). Suppliers SRC by four mediating effects influence the buyers performance. The effect of SRC through purchasing cost is negative while the effect of SRC through risk costs of the supply chain, benefits from collaboration and benefits from stemming excess of the self-promotion of a supplier. The Stakeholder theory has been implemented on the part of the managers to address higher-level ethical issues in the business. The implementation of the ethical standards by the managers has helped in improving the business conditions. The ethical considerations are less efficient in making a value judgment and are more about creating a conversation between the stakeholders and the organization (Edward Freeman et al. 2012). The annual profit of the organization for the previous year has been estimated to be 1203 for each employee. The average income of the sector is 1228 for each employee. The value has a standard deviation of 104 for each employee. Therefore, it has to be tested whether the average income is equal to 1228 or not. The null hypothesis of the test is H0: The mean value of profit per employees is equal to 1228 and the alternative hypothesis is H1: The mean value of the profit per employees is greater than 1228. A t-test could be conducted assuming the income to be normally distributed. The null hypothesis of the test is H0: = 1228 and the alternative hypothesis is H1: 1228. The p-value of the test is 0.405, which is greater than the given level of significance = 0.05. This implies null hypothesis of the test is accepted. The average value of the profit per employees equals to 1228. The probability that the mean value of the profit of each employee is equal to 1203 is given by: P[ X 1203] = P[ Z (1203 1203)/104] (Since the mean value of profit per employee is equal to 1203 and the standard deviation value are 104) P [Z 0] = 0.5. (Since Z follows a standard normal distribution (Tong 2012). Therefore, the required probability is 0.05. The p-value of the test so computed is entirely based on the estimated mean value from the sample. The change in mean value of the sample will change the mean value of the population as well. If the p-value computed from the sample is equal to 0.0302 and the significance level is equal to 0.01, then also the null hypothesis will be rejected as p-value is less than the given level of significance level. When the null hypothesis is rejected when the null hypothesis that is H0 is actually true, then this is the Type I error. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is known as probability of committing Type I error. The annual profit from each employee has been calculated to be 1228. The test results suggest that the null hypothesis of the test has been accepted. This means that the average annual profit per employee could be assumed 1203 based on the results of the test. Although there is a slight difference in the estimated value from the sample and the actual value from the population, the probability that the sample value is different from population value is very small. Therefore, it could be assumed that the profit per employee is 1203. Part Two: The article illustrates the ways of making decisions in the supply chain (Wu and Pagell 2011). The economic as well as the environmental issues affect the supply chain. The environmental issues are the proper management of the environmental resources in order to maintain the environmental sustainability. There is dependence between the environmental challenges and the economic issues. The environmental issues such as changes in the environment often affect the economic problems such as the price changes. Most of the firm oversees these issues and go on exploiting the environment. The loss of the companies due to this exploitation of the firms is not visible in the short term, but it affects in the long-term production and business activities. The people or organizations that affect the business or are affected by firm are referred to as the stakeholders. The environmental concerns involve some third party stakeholders like the NGOs, who were not involved in the business earlier. The involvement of these organizations and the concern about environmental pollution may increase the cost initially, but will decrease the cost in the long-run. The objective of the research is to understand how the companies can make decision in the supply chain by considering the environmental issues. The environmental issues have always been a part of the business. The business need to operate its activities in such a way to maintain the environmental sustainability. The incorporation of environmental concern in supply chain is referred to as the green supply chain. There always exist a positive association between the quality management and the environmental issues. The environmental concerns offer both benefits as well as challenges to the organizations. The organizations have to bear some extra costs to manage environment related issues. In order to reduce carbon emission, the companies have introduced carbon less products that would lead to a clean and green environment. The use of these products by the companies may incur a little more cost, but these will benefit the company in the future. However, this is also true that not all the stakeholders of the business firm can be satisfied at the same time. The environmental concerns always involve a huge amount of costs. The exis ting studies have revealed that the managers of the companies have claimed to manage this environment related issues in the supply chain. However, the way of satisfying all the stakeholders in the supply chain is not yet understood. The research methodology involves the methods of accumulating pertinent information for the particular study, which could be both primary and secondary in nature. The secondary data has been collected from the case studies. This constitutes the qualitative research part of the study. However, this is not sufficient to arrive at meaningful inferences of the research. The research also involves some quantitative research, which comprises of collection of primary data. The primary data can be collected with the help of research questionnaire, interview, direct observation and other methods. The direct interview method has been applied in this case to suit the purpose of the research. The interview been conducted among the managers of the company and the range of each interview varies from 60 to 80 minutes. However, some interviews have lasted more than 120 minutes as well. The data collected from the interviews has been evaluated cortically to arrive at the research outcome. The researc her has followed deductive approach, since the existing theories and models have been used to carry out the research work. The data has been collected by interviewing the managers of eight such environmental firms. The managers of these eight firms are unable to point out how they are managing with the cost and the economic benefits in the short-term results. The managers have stated that it is like a new challenge to them to earn more profit in the supply chain even after considering the environmental issues. The workers of the company should be given proper training about the environmental hazards that could arise if the environment related issues are not addressed during the production process. The supply chain management suffers a bit in the short run due to the awareness of the workers of the firms. However, the environmental issues are managed properly in the supply chain. In these cases, the productivity is also not hampered due to the awareness of the workers. The sampling method used for data collection is stratified sampling. The different forms of the companies like the food and beverage compa nies, wood and forestry companies, IT and hardware companies are taken as the strata. The organizations also adopt various environmental initiatives to distinguish themselves in the supply chain. This makes the companies distinct from other companies and people become more interested to buy their products. Thus by taking environmental concerns in the supply chain, the company could also attract more customers to buy their products. The use of Cleaning Products for the environmental issues involves other stakeholders like the NGOs and others into the supply chain. This in turn helps in the growth of some organizations. The environmental concern and supply chain runs side by side, as it is pointed out in the given article. The business model of the company needs to be understood in order to understand the ways by which the company is making profit from sustainability. The article suggests that the organizational and technical challenges of the company need to be studied for understanding the ways by which the company is managing environmental issues. The article states that the results obtained from the case studies does not focuses on a single point of view and different companies have different strategies for environmental issues. Therefore, it is advisable to review the business performance and environmental performance because of sustainability practices to make decision about managing environmental issues in the supply chain. A few more research needs to be done in this matter regarding the role of the managers in the sustainable issues in supply chain. References: Bridoux, F. and Stoelhorst, J.W., 2014. Microfoundations for stakeholder theory: Managing stakeholders with heterogeneous motives. Strategic Management Journal, 35(1), pp.107-125. Busse, C., 2015. Doing Well by Doing Good? The Self?interest of Buying Firms and Sustainable Supply Chain Management.Journal of Supply Chain Management. Chen, H.T. and Turner, N.C., 2012. Formal Theory Versus Stakeholder Theory New Insights From a Tobacco-Focused Prevention Program Evaluation.American Journal of Evaluation,33(3), pp.395-413. Edward Freeman, R., Rusconi, G., Signori, S. and Strudler, A., 2012. Stakeholder theory (ies): Ethical ideas and managerial action.Journal of business ethics, pp.1-2. Strand, R. and Freeman, R.E., 2015. Scandinavian cooperative advantage: The theory and practice of stakeholder engagement in Scandinavia. Journal of business ethics, 127(1), pp.65-85. Tong, Y.L., 2012. The multivariate normal distribution. Springer Science Business Media. Wu, Z. and Pagell, M., 2011. Balancing priorities: Decision-making in sustainable supply chain management. Journal of Operations Management, 29(6), pp.577-590. Zanjirchi, S.M. and Moradi, M., 2012. Construction project success analysis from stakeholders' theory perspective. African Journal of Business Management, 6(15), p.5218.

Touro University International Essays (1393 words) -

Touro University International James L. White ETH 501 Module 4, Case Assignment Dr. Steven J. Gold INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to discuss my opinion on the question "Should disabled veterans get preferential treatment over better qualified candidates who are not disabled veterans?" By discussing these topics, I hope to offer some knowledge on preferential treatment in the work place. I will conclude this report with a brief summary of the entire analysis, highlighting some of the most significant parts that the report contains. DVAAP VS Affirmative action The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) describes the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program as," Veterans' preference in its present form comes from the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944, as amended, and is now codified in various provisions of title 5, United States Code. By law, veterans who are disabled or who served on active duty in the Armed Forces during certain specified time periods or in military campaigns are entitled to preference over others in hiring from competitive lists of eligible's and also in retention during reductions in force." (OPM, 2006). This tells me that as an active duty member depended upon the time frame in which I have served my country, when I become a veteran I am entitled to employment preference over my peers. The Feminist Majority Foundation defines Affirmative Action as a program that seeks, "to remedy past discrimination against women, minorities, and others by increasing the recruitment, promotion, retention, and on-the-job training opportunities in employment and by removing barriers to admission to educational institutions. Because of the long history of discrimination based on sex and race, most affirmative action programs have been directed towards improving employment and education opportunities for women and minorities." (Feminist Majority Foundation, 2000). In my own words affirmative action makes it illegal to discriminate against an individual based upon race, religion or gender. The legal origins for this comes from, "Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Executive Order 11246, as amended by Executive Order 11375 in 1967, provided the initial legal basis for affirmative action for women in employment in the United States. Title VII prohibits discrimination by any employer or labor union on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) was established to enforce Title VII, although the agency only began to enforce the sex discrimination prohibition in the late 1960s and only after intense pressure from women's organizations." (Feminist Majority Foundation, 2000). I believe that affirmative action and the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program are similar. The goal with both programs is to ensure everyone has an equal right to employment without being discriminated against. For an example, in the past many women were not offered certain jobs or promotions because of their gender, in today's society we still have steps to take, however affirmative action clearly makes discriminatorily practices illegal. In 1996 Ruth Barnard from the School of Nursing at the University of Michigan had this to say about affirmative action "Yes Affirmative action was and is needed to achieve full gender equity in employment. Despite 30 years of non-discrimination law, gender prejudice and discrimination still persist...The proportion of women in regular University of Michigan faculty appointment is low, and most are in the low paid non-tenured positions." (Barnard, January 16, 2006). I can see the similarities when I look at the preferences for disabled veterans. Since the civil war veterans have struggled to find jobs after their military obligation was up. An Organization called Disabled American Veterans (DAV) had this to say about opportunities for disabled veterans, "...the wake of World War I, when thousands of American doughboys came home to an America that was not prepared to care for the carnage of war. More than 4.7 million Americans served, 53,500 were lost in combat. Accidents and illnesses (mostly from the deadly Spanish flu pandemic) took the lives of 63,000. More than 200,000 soldiers were wounded during the war. America was not prepared to go to war or face its aftermath, especially caring for the sick and wounded. Months after returning home, half of the 4 million soldiers were released from military service. With the country drained of its economic resources due to the war, there was little funding available to help war veterans in search of employment and medical care. Within a year, 4 million Americans were jobless, broke and past hope. Recession and unemployment crippled the American economy. As a result, veterans were left to fend for themselves, especially those who were disabled. Jobs were almost nonexistent

The False Cause Fallacy Correlation Does Not Equal Causation

The False Cause Fallacy Correlation Does Not Equal Causation The False Cause Fallacy: Correlation Does Not Equal Causation When we see that two things happen together, we may assume one causes the other. If we don’t eat all day, for example, we will get hungry. And if we notice that we regularly feel hungry after skipping meals, we might conclude that not eating causes hunger. A good deduction! But does the same logic always apply? Are two things that seem to occur together always related? Or is this sometimes an error? In this post, we look at correlation and causation to help you understand – and hopefully avoid – the false cause fallacy in your academic writing. Correlation and Causation A correlation is a mutual relationship between two or more things. Typically, this is a statistical relationship where two variables are interdependent: A positive correlation occurs when two or more variables seem to increase or decrease together. For instance, there is a clear correlation between the variables â€Å"foot size† and â€Å"shoe size† because people with bigger feet reliably have bigger shoes. A negative correlation occurs when one variable increases as another one decreases. For example, the variables â€Å"speed of vehicle† and â€Å"duration of journey† are negatively correlated because a faster vehicle will typically complete a journey in less time. Correlations like this can be useful because they can help us spot a connection between two things. In some cases – including the examples we’ve used here so far – you can even identify a causal relationship between the variables. For instance, few would deny that skipping meals can cause hunger, or that a faster vehicle can reduce journey time. But we must be careful when drawing this kind of conclusion. Correlation does not always imply causation. And if we misinterpret a correlative relationship, we might fall into the false cause fallacy. The False Cause Fallacy The false cause fallacy occurs when we wrongly assume that one thing causes something else because we’ve noticed a relationship between them. For instance, if one thing happens after something else, we may assume that the first causes the second. However, following from or coinciding with something is not the same as causing it. And if we are too quick to conclude a causal relationship, we might end up with a false cause. Two major hazards here are reverse causation and spurious correlation. The False Cause Fallacy: Reverse Causation When looking at a correlation, we may misunderstand the relationship between the variables. And this can lead to mixing up a cause and an effect. For instance, based on a correlation alone, it would be just as reasonable to believe that windmills cause wind as it would be to believe wind causes windmill blades to turn. All we know is that the two things happen together, increasing and decreasing at the same rate. Its basically a big rotary fan, right? (Photo: music4life) For anyone who knows anything about windmills, though, this is obviously a case of the false cause fallacy. We know this because we know that windmills catch wind to create rotational energy. Thus, a correlation can only tell us about a cause if we know how the variables are related. And if we get this relationship wrong, we can end up with reverse causation. The False Cause Fallacy: Spurious Correlation The false cause fallacy can also occur when there is no real relationship between variables despite a correlation. For example, there is a genuine statistical correlation between movies released featuring Nicolas Cage and the number of people who drown in US swimming pools each year. Is Nicholas Cage a secret pool murderer? Our libel lawyers say No. (Graph: TylerVigen.com) If correlation implied causation, we might assume that Nicolas Cage movies are deadly around water. But this would be at best a hasty conclusion. As with the windmill example above, correlation alone is not proof of causation. If we truly wanted to say that one of these variables caused the other one, we would need to explain how Nicolas Cage movies are related to pool deaths. And we’d need evidence that the two things were connected. Without this, we’re left with a spurious correlation (i.e., two things that coincidentally overlap in some way). And we cannot draw any useful conclusions from this kind of relationship between variables. How to Avoid False Cause Fallacies So, then, how do you avoid the false cause fallacy in your own work? We have a few tips that you might want to follow: Remember that correlation does not equal causation. It is fine to report a correlation in your data, but you cannot assume a cause and effect relationship from that alone. Always consider how variables in a correlation are related. Think about non-causal explanations, such as pure coincidence. Is there enough data to suggest a strong correlation between two variables? Consider whether other variables could explain the correlation. For example, ice-cream sales and hospital admissions for heat stroke are positively correlated because both are influenced by a third variable (i.e., high temperatures), not because eating ice-cream causes heat stroke. If you are going to argue that a correlation suggests a causal relationship between variables, back this up with evidence. Don’t forget, too, that having your work proofread can help you express yourself clearly. And the more clearly you can set out your arguments, the easier it will be to avoid false cause fallacies.

Web 2.0 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Web 2.0 - Essay Example Another advantage is low cost of communication across the world. A major disadvantage is over dependence on the internet which is not available all the time. It can also lead to loss of crucial data incase the computer crashes (University of Phoenix, 2011). Key impact of web 2.0 on business is that it is a marketing tool that is cheaper compared to convectional ways of marketing thus low operational cost and increase in revenue. It provides a platform where the organization interacts with their clients, prospects, service providers and suppliers. Based on the increased use of web 2.0, firms are able to create strong connection with various stakeholders regardless of their destinations. In this way, companies can regularly update all the parties concerned on the progress of their investment. As a result, the technology has led to expansion of companies globally as well as enhancement of stakeholders trust and loyalty towards their companies. University of Phoenix. (2011). Wireless infrastructure: Can our current system handle bandwidth demands? Retrieved from

Wal Mart Case Analysis using Porter's Model Study

Wal Mart Analysis using Porter's Model - Case Study Example This helps in improving the supply chain and lowering the cost of distribution. Third competitive advantage is its advanced technology of data mining. With the help of data mining, they are able to gather useful data for the suppliers, improves customers satisfaction with the help of accurate demand forecast. The cost is reduced as there is no excess of inventor. The forth competitive advantage is Wal Mart work force culture. It values more for the customers; it is not compromised in any ways. The stores are able to response quickly to the changing demand. Lastly it’s the EDLP (everyday low price). With the help of EDLP customer satisfaction is improved through low price. The advertising cost is also reduced and steady price improves the supply chain (Quelch, p.189-192). The individuals can easily shift to some other competitors who offers product at a lower price than Wal-Mart. But the consumers will lose the convenience with the organization. Thus the power of consumer is me dium. Entry barriers for new players are high compared to its competitors due to high initial set up costs such as distribution channels and this is because Wal-Mart has good distribution systems, huge brand name. Wal-Mart has an absolute cost advantage. Therefore the threat of new entrant is low. Threat of substitute is low as there are not many companies which offer low pricing and convenience. The customers may switch off to other speciality stores but they would not find the low pricing strategy of Wal-Mart.

Study of Teachers Essay Example for Free

Study of Teachers Essay Teaching profession is always looked up as a noble and respectful occupation because the teachers impart knowledge for the nation. Something cliche, without them there would not be any doctors, engineers, astronauts, politicians and the list goes on. However, how many people realise that there are countless of obstacles in becoming an effective teacher? I will be discussing on todays apparent phenomena that involves the reality in teaching in our very own beloved country, Malaysia. Teachers face challenges in the school when they do not receive co-operation from the parents. It is obvious that parents support can be shown through the simplest action of attending the schools Parent Teacher Association meeting, providing generous amount of financial support for school fund, and supporting the effort of the school towards betterment. However, lately it has been reported in the national mass media about parents complaints and dissatisfaction towards teachers approach in punishing their children. The issue that raised their concern involved the way teachers exert punishment at school. In fact, some of them lodged police report and even filed a law suit on teachers. Compared to the good old days, parents allow teachers to apply any kind of punishment towards their children so they would be well educated and disciplined. Besides, there are parents who complain when they need to provide extra support which usually involves little amount of money to improve the quality of their childrens education at school. In addition, disciplinary problem, which is not a tale, really happens in school and the people who are involved are the students. Therefore, all of us have to be alert of students disciplinary problems that are becoming uncontrollable because students go to the extreme when they are involved in truancy, gangsterism, vandalism, attitude problem, disrespectful and other critical unthinkable behaviour problems. Parental guidance is very important because a child naturally observes and imitate the adults actions. However, when the students are at school, the adults who these teenagers are with are the teachers, while the parents attend work or complete house chores. It is relevant to add that peer pressure also adds up to the present disciplinary problems because they are easily influenced at this stage where they are in search for self-identity. The students who are less concerned about gaining knowledge usually lose their main objective of attending school. I will not say that their actions reflect their parents attitude and behaviour for this one reason. In my opinion, some overinvolved or uninvolved parents do not really know their children. The students wear different masks at home and at school, which means that they behave differently at home and at school. Hence, teachers are to be solely blamed when their children are punished or shall I say, literarily abused by the teachers when they commit disciplinary problem. How funny is that? If parents themselves are not convinved of the capability of the school as a whole, it is certainly impossible to successfully improve our countrys education system. The question to be asked here is why are the parents behaving weirdly? In relation to the countrys effort towards paradigm shift and global thinking, it is indeed surprising to witness some citizens who still lack of general knowledge and self-awareness although our country has been independent since year 1957. Anyhow, I am not 100% blaming the parents for this happening but these are some of the truths in our developing country. The next point is that being a teacher requires the person to be physically and psychologically ready to carry the idealistic image of a teacher. Once a person is a teacher, he or she is automatically seen as a role model. In other words, the teachers have to fulfill the expectations and demands from the public in terms of the specific way that teachers should behave, present themselves, and to some extent, pretend to be the figures that they are expected to be. Believe it or not, it happens. Practice what you preach made a discipline teacher at my previous school trimmed his hair until there was almost completely none because he wanted to show the right example to the fellow students. People should bear in mind that teachers are homosapiens that live like others of their kind. It means that they have their own daily routines to deal with such as themselves, family, friends, society and the environment. In this case, a teacher is always a teacher no matter if he or she is inside or outside the educational settings. Teachers are usually aware of the roles that they will play once they have decided to end up in this profession. Therefore, even if the teacher does not want it to happen, they have no other options but to accept the fact that they are public figures, in a way or so. It is not so bad afterall because teaching is very rewarding once the teachers discover that their students excel in their academics and succeed in their life as individuals who are able to contribute to the community. It would take years and centuries for an effective teacher to be forgotten by the students, considering their performance at school. Teaching should never be a last resort for desperate unhired post-graduates who are job hunting nor does it should be seen as a relaxing job because of the short working hours compared to other government professions. For example, the Malaysian government has introduced the Post-Graduate Teaching Course (Kursus Perguruan Lepasan Ijazah) to train the post-graduates for the teaching world. So now the questions are, What makes us so sure that they are really interested in teaching? and Are effective teachers born or made? . There are certain qualities and favourable types of personality that teachers should possess. I did a research on how students view teachers personality and classroom management in Malaysian secondary school. It was found that 90 out of 115 respondents (78%) mentioned that they are able to notice when teachers are not interested to teach in the classroom. Majority of the respondents agreed that they are able to do so by looking at teachers’ facial expressions and teaching style. In my personal opinion, we should never just let any individuals without sufficient knowledge and suitable personality to be a teacher. Students are not guinea pigs that should be constantly used in this kind of experiment, because this would imply a bad perspective on the teaching profession itself. Furthermore, students are able to think for themselves. If our education sector lacks of quality manpower in the teaching profession, try looking again because there are many other qualified candidates who are sincerely wanting to work with the children genuinely. Next, where on earth do people get the idea that teaching is a getaway or escapism to a more relaxing occupation. Todays teachers are not like yesterdays teachers, I am not being judgmental but it is apparent nowadays that teachers carry more responsibilities or burden, depending on how they perceive their tasks. Furthermore, they do not just have to teach but they  are given other responsibilities in the school administration too. I could still remember having a separate conversation with two different teachers in a school during practicum. The first teacher mentioned that teaching has now become the second importance for her after other school related activities because she has to handle co-curricular activities, school administrative work and other workloads. The next teacher who will be retiring in a few years mentioned that her passion level for teaching has decreased for the increase of new responsibilities in school other than teaching. Moreover, in todays globalisation world, teachers are required to get in touch with new technology, new knowledge and new skills to be incorporated in the classroom as well as for self-improvement. An example would be the ability to utilise the computer and the internet resources to assist them in teaching. They are very fortunate because the government is also providing them with free laptops to assist them in their work, and hopefully they are able to utilise them to their fullest. Several years ago, my friend whose mother is a teacher asked for my clarification if I really want to take up the teaching course because from her observation, all her mother does was basically routine work. Besides that, a tuition teacher expressed his surprise when I told him the same thing. Previously, I mentioned that teaching is indeed a noble job, and now whats with this clarification and surprise? It is not so bad afterall, isnt it? Maybe it should be mentioned over and over again that once a person becomes a teacher, he or she does not need to dream too much in changing the system. After few years they will be going with the flow and if they survive, thank God, whereas if they drown, just follow the light at the end of the tunnel. In other words, teachers still have to follow what the Ministry of Education has planned for the schools. In my Professional Development class discussion, I found out that not many educators are up there in the ministry to implement the changes and development in education. I think that we need real people who deal with the real school experience to be making the decisions in improving the school system. There was once an issue about placing the Excellent Teachers (Guru Cemerlang) in the Ministry of Education because it would shake the performance of the students and the school once they left. They should then be remained in the same school to benefit the teacher and students by sharing their ideas, experiences and knowledge so that they can improve. I hope to see that my country has a well structured plan that is workable, so that precious time for planning is saved and the people can start progressing instead of lagging behind, wondering about the already knowns. We have built the tallest building, became the best host for the Commonwealth Games, we claimed ourselves as a global community and there is no doubt that we should be able to improve our approaches in improving the educational system. In conclusion, teachers in Malaysia still face many kind of obstacles in this profession. In fact, teachers from all around the world might face the similar obstacles in the profession. The responsibilities, expectations, issues and happenings that relate to teachers really exist. Teachers play an important role in the society thus, everyone in the country should be aware of their contributions to the improvement of our national standard of education. Innovations IN THE CLASSROOM Efforts to make learning more interactive and more fun for students appear promising, but it may be too soon to judge if they are positively impacting childrens performance in standard tests and surveys. Meanwhile, teachers complain that these efforts have added to their already heavy burden. Padmalatha Ravi reports. 11 January 2007 The census of 2000-01 showed that the dropout rate from schools in Karnataka stood at 10. 5%. One of the main reasons cited for the dropouts was that teaching methods used in the schools are archaic, and do not sufficiently motivate students to remain in class. Educationists say that in addition to outdated teaching methods, inadequate teaching learning material (TLM) and laboratory equipment are also factors that contribute to dropouts. Taking heed of these observations the state government decided to revamp the education system in the state-run schools. Educationists and teachers were roped in to devise new teaching methods. An interesting curriculum, along with interactive learning, was the new mantra adopted. Chaitanya a special programme to train the teachers in adopting new interactive teaching methods, was designed. Chaitanya was an extension of the Nali Kali or joyful learning programme that was tested successfully in some of the schools in Heggadedevana Kote taluk in Mysore. Nali Kali was a collaborative effort of the state government and UNICEF. Both these programmes stress interactive learning methods. The teachers use colourful charts and stories to explain concepts from the textbooks. Picture: Students listening to a radio programme in a government school in Hebbagodi, near Bangalore. More than 50,000 teachers have undergone training under the Chaitanya programme in the last four years. Both primary and higher secondary students have benefited as a result. Dr. T Padmini, a retired Head of the Department of Education at Mysore University, who was part of the Chaitanyas design team says The states intended curriculum is very well designed, so what we needed was a child friendly way of teaching it. Boring teaching methods can cause cumulative deficiencies of interest in children, which may lead to dropouts. The Chaitanya programme teaches teachers to use stories, songs and even drama to teach concepts. Alongside government action, NGOs too are leading from the front in interactive learning. Pratham, in Mysore, is promoting Universal Elementary Education (UEE) by partnering with the Department of Public Instruction. The organisation works with government schools in the slums of the city. They run Balawadi and Balasakhi programmes in these areas. The Balawadi programme prepares children for formal education using play-way methods, ensuring the children enjoy their school-going experience. Balasakhi is a remedial education programme, in which the NGO appoints a special teacher at the government school who aids the children in learning languages and mathematics using the special packages developed by Pratham. The government also introduced the trimester system to reduce the burden on the students. †¢ An instruction set for teachers Mr. Chandrashekar, principal of government higher secondary school in Mysore says Prathams intervention has been very useful for us. The children have fun learning Kannada and arithmetic and because of that it becomes easier for us to teach them what is in the syllabus. The children too like the new way of learning. Salman, a Class 4 student from Mysore, says addition and subtraction is more fun now. Earlier I was scared of arithmetic problems. The language kit developed by Pratham along with Dr. Padmini is hot favourite among parents too. They say it is especially helpful to students who dont speak Kannada at home but have to learn it in school. The new method however is not without problems. Teachers say it has increased the burden on teachers. Meera Bai, headmistress of Sri Ramakrishna Education Society, Bangalore says It is true that the new method is good for students but we have to spend a great deal more time on preparing for the lessons and evaluating them. Giving individual attention becomes very difficult when there are more than 40 students in each class. Why is India still a developing country and what is stopping it from being a developed country? This particular question strikes me every time when I read something about India’s education system. I see India’s education system as a stumbling block towards its objectives of achieving inclusive growth. Let me inform you about certain startling facts. India is going to experience a paradox of nearly 90 million people joining the workforce but most of them will lack requiste skills and the mindset for productive employment according to a report in DNA. India has about 550 million people under the age of 25 years out of which only 11% are enrolled in tertiary institutions compared to the world average of 23%. I wouldn’t be laying too much emphasis on the drawbacks of India’s public education system because it has been an issue well debated over in the past and the main flaws have already been pointed out before. I will be focussing on how the education system’s failure is leading to another social issue of income inequality and hence, suggest certain policies to improve India’s education system and reduce inequality. The really critical aspect of Indian public education system is its low quality. The actual quantity of schooling that children experience and the quality of teaching they receive are extremely insufficient in government schools. A common feature in all government schools is the poor quality of education, with weak infrastructure and inadequate pedagogic attention. What the government is not realising right now is that education which is a source of human capital can create wide income inequalities. It will be surprising to see how income inequalities are created within the same group of educated people. Let me illustrate this with the help of an example: Let us take P be an individual who has had no primary or higher education. His human capital is zero and hence it bears no returns. Let Q be an individual who completed his MBA from S. P Jain college and let R be an individual who completed his MBA from IIM Ahmadabad. The average rate of return for an MBA student is 7. 5% (hypothetical). Q gets a rate of return of 5% and R gets a rate of return of 10% due to the difference in the reputation and quality of the management school. Let the income of P, Q and R be 1. In a period of 10 years, P will be having the same income as he does not possess human capital. For the same time period Q will earn an income of (1+0. 05)^10=1. 63 and R will earn an income of (1+0. 10)^10=2. 59. Now lets see what happens when the rate of return on human capital doubles. Earnings of P will not change since he does not have any human capital. Now Q is going to earn (1+0. 10)^10=1. 63 and R is going to earn (1+0. 20)^10=6. 19. Flabbergasting! As soon as return on human capital increases proportionately income inequality increases. With return on human capital doubling, Q’S income increases by 59% and R’s income increases by 139%. The above example just shows the effect of the quality of human capital n income inequality. So if the government does not improve education system particularly in rural areas the rich will become richer and the poor will get poorer. Hence, it is imperative for the government to correct the blemishes in India’s education system which will also be a step towards reducing income inequality. Certain policy measures need to be taken by the government. The basic thrust of government education spending today must surely be to ensure that all children have access to government schools and to raise the quality of education in those schools. One of the ways in which the problem of poor quality of education can be tackled is through common schooling. This essentially means sharing of resources between private and public schools. Shift system is one of the ways through which common schooling can be achieved. The private school can use the resources during the first half of the day and the government school can use it during the second half. It is important to remember that the quality of education is directly linked to the resources available and it is important for the government to improve resource allocation to bring about qualitative changes in the field of education. Common schooling is one of the ways in which government can use limited resources in an efficient way and thus improve resource allocation. Another reason for poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools . Government schools are unable to attract good quality teachers due to inadequate teaching facilities and low salaries. The government currently spends only 3% of its GDP on education which is inadequate and insufficient. To improve the quality of education , the government needs to spend more money from its coffers on education. Most economists feel that the only panacea to the ills of the public schooling system is the voucher scheme. Under the voucher system, parents are allowed to choose a school for their children and they get full or partial reimbursement for the expenses from the government. But however, the voucher system will further aggravate the problem of poor quality of education in government schools. Such a system will shift resources from government schools to private schools. This will worsen the situation of government schools which are already under-funded. Moreover, if the same amount given as vouchers can be used to build infrastructure in schools then the government can realize economies of scale. For example- The centre for civil society is providing vouchers worth Rs 4000 per annum to 308 girls. This means that the total amount of money given as vouchers is Rs 1232000. If the same amount can be used to construct a school and employ high quality teachers who are paid well then a larger section of the society will enjoy the benefit of education. A school can definitely accommodate a minimum of 1000 students. I hope government takes certain appropriate policy measures to improve the education system otherwise inequalities are going to be widespread and India’s basic capabilities will remain stunted. Let us strengthen the case for a stronger education system. High School Teacher Requirements Prospective high school teachers should enroll in a bachelors degree program in secondary education with an area of concentration in the subject that they wish to teach. Alternatively, aspiring high school teachers may major in their content area and minor in secondary education. Most undergraduate programs in secondary education prepare students for licensure in the state in which the program is accredited. Students usually complete a student teaching requirement as part of the curriculum. High school teachers instruct students in subjects such as mathematics, history, English and science through classroom discussions, lectures and other methods. Also known as secondary school teachers, high school teachers evaluate a students progress in a subject through examinations and coursework. An individual interested in becoming a high school teacher needs to be proficient not only in the subject matter, but also in the administrative and technological aspects of the classroom. Teachers should also be able to communicate effectively with parents, students, and other staff members. Listed below are common requirements for becoming a high school teacher: Common Requirements Degree Level Bachelors degree* Degree Field Secondary education with a minor in subject area teaching or  major in subject area with a minor in education (also sometimes called a teacher education program). * Licensure and Certification Secondary or high school certification; private schools dont require licensure* Experience Student or mentorship teaching to obtain licensure* Key Skills Passion and a dynamic approach to the subject matter; ability to retain names; flexible teaching approaches specified to each students needs; coaching and development techniques; high level of organization*** Computer SkillsMaintaining a website and/or managing online discussion boards may be required**; instructional and video editing software*** Technical Skills Proficient in use of films/slides, overheads and other projectors and/or video cassette players and recorders, as well as photocopiers, scanners and other commonly used office equipment*** Additional Requirements Background checks Sources: *Teach. org, **U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ***O*Net Online. Step 1: Complete a Bachelors Degree and Teacher Preparation Program State requirements or preferred degree programs can vary. Generally, students will complete a major in the subject area they intend to teach with a minor in education or with concurrent enrollment in a teacher preparation program. However, some schools have students major in secondary education and minor in the particular subject area in which they plan to teach. Whether a student is enrolled in a teacher preparation program or another type of education degree, they generally complete a student teaching or mentorship teaching component in the program. Success Tips: Participate in internship and student teaching opportunities. Most teacher preparation programs (and their varying forms/names) include student teaching; however, there will likely be additional opportunities to gain field experience or complete volunteer work through the school or community. Students should consider these opportunities to gain an understanding of the subject matter as well as to round out and populate their resume for obtaining positions after graduation. Become a tutor. Students who show a proficiency in subject areas, demonstrated by grades in related classes and cumulative GPA, are likely eligible to tutor these subjects through the school or university. These positions are often paid and students can specialize in one subject area or tutor in several. Complete an alternative teacher program if applicable. Alternative teacher programs generally take 1-2 years to complete and are available to students who already possess a bachelors degree that is closely related to the subject area in which he or she wishes to teach. This can be an expedited route to begin teaching for students who already hold a relevant bachelors degree. Step 2: Earn Teaching Credentials  After bachelors degree attainment, there are additional exams and requirements necessary to complete in order for a student to obtain his or her initial teaching credentials. These also vary by state. Generally, the student will have a basic skills exam in addition to an exam specified to the subject in which they intend to teach. These test scores in conjunction with transcripts showing completion of the bachelors degree and teacher prep program as well as state and federal background checks must be submitted with a completed application to the State Board of Education. States also require teachers to complete several requirements to obtain permanent credentials. This can include additional coursework, exams and tests. Some teachers may be required to earn a masters degree, as well as a minimum amount of teaching experience. Success Tips: Complete additional coursework requirements online. There are online and hybrid online/on-campus courses available to complete state requirements for permanent credentials. This includes masters degree programs. Use development resources. Most teachers associations offer programs that teachers can utilize to gain additional teaching techniques and other skills in addition to staying current on technology commonly used in the classroom. Step 3: Pursue Voluntary Certification  According to the BLS, pursuing additional credentials, such as those offered by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), can increase job prospects for teachers. The NBPTS offers the National Board Certification, which is an advanced teaching credential. These certificates are available in a variety of areas, including health, library media, mathematics, physical education and science, for secondary teachers. Teacher workload In high schools, it is important to consider not only the number of students per class but the nature of the class, and the subject the teacher is teaching. For example, a math teacher might have no problem teaching an advanced math class, or several math classes, with 35-40 students. But an English teacher teaching four classes of 40 students would probably not be able to give the proper attention to written assignments from that many students, and might not give as many assignments because of the large number of students. Team teaching Some schools might have classes of 40 taught by a team of two teachers. The class size by itself is not necessarily an indication of the attention students are getting. Volunteers Some schools effectively use parents and upper-grade students as volunteers in the classroom. This type of instructional help may not appear in a schools data about class size. Teaching Methods in Indian Schools. An understanding of modern less formal methods of teaching is greatly needed in the Indian Service. Indian schools should at least reach the level of better public schools in this respect. This is especially necessary because the best modern teaching, especially with young children, takes into account the kind of personality problems that are basic in the education of Indians. Need for Knowledge of Modern Methods. Although there are some striking exceptions, principals and teachers in Indian schools as a rule are not acquainted with modern developments in teaching, though educational leave has brought some improvement. The impression a visitor almost inevitably gets upon entering the classroom of an Indian school is that here is a survival of methods and schoolroom organization belonging in the main to a former period. The nailed-down desks, in rows; the old-type recitation; the unnatural formality between teacher and pupil, the use of mechanistic words and devices, as class rise ! , class pass!; the lack of enriching materials, such as reading books and out-of-doors material, all suggest a type of school-keeping that still exists, of course, but has been greatly modified in most modern school systems, if not abandoned altogether, as the result of what has been made known in the past twenty-five years about learning and behavior. This condition is, of course, only what one would expect from what has already been said about personnel. If methods of teaching in Indian schools, with a few conspicuous exceptions, are old-fashioned, without, for the most part, the redeeming quality of thoroughness that some of the old-time teaching is supposed to have had, it is due almost entirely to the lack of training standards and professional personnel. An encouraging feature of the situation is that here and there one does find interesting and successful efforts to get away from the formal and routine in teaching; a first-grade teacher trained under Montessori getting a delightful spontaneous activity out of her little Indian children; young college women coming back from a summer-session demonstration school touched with the newer way and struggling to put the new ideas into practice; Still other teachers using the Indian interest and talent in art to give Indians a creative opportunity; a principal and group of boarding school teachers demonstrating that Navajo children, proverbially so shy that they hang their heads and will not speak in the presence of visitors, can in a few short months, with the abandonment of the stiff furniture and stiffer military routine characteristic of government boarding schools, become as lively human beings as any white children. These suggest the possibilities if personnel can be improved, if teachers can be helped by supervisors and staff specialists who know better methods, and if every effort is made to keep the education of the Indian in the stream of modern education development instead of isolated from it. Study of the Individual Child. Perhaps the most characteristic fact about modern education is the attention given to study of the individual child and the effort to meet his needs. This is the real justification for intelligence testing and for the whole measurement movement. Given more knowledge on the part of the school and teacher of the health of the child, of his abilities, of the home conditions from which he comes, it should be possible to help him more satisfactorily to capitalize on what he has for his own sake and for the sake of society. So little measurement work has been done in government Indian schools that one danger in the measurement movement has not developed to any extent, but it needs to be borne in mind: Testing, particularly intelligence testing, should never be used in a school as a means of denying opportunity, but only as a means of directing opportunities more wisely. Most of the talk about some Indian children not being worthy of an education beyond the grades is indefensible. It is based on a misconception of the reason why society furnishes schooling at all. Discovery of low mental ability in any child, white or Indian, no more relieves society of the responsibility of educating him than diagnosis of a weak heart by a physician would relieve society from giving the person thus diagnosed a chance at life—in both cases the diagnosis becomes the first step in a process of improvement.

Titanic :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites The film "Titanic" is riddled with moral dilemmas. In one of the scenes, the owner of Star Line, the shipping company that owned the now-sinking Unsinkable, joins a lowered life-boat. The tortured expression on his face demonstrates that even he experiences more than unease at his own conduct. Prior to the disaster, he instructs the captain to adopt a policy dangerous to the ship. Indeed, it proves fatal. A complicating factor was the fact that only women and children were allowed by the officers in charge into the lifeboats. Another was the discrimination against Third Class passengers. The boats sufficed only to half the number of those on board and the First Class, High Society passengers were preferred over the Low-Life immigrants under deck. Why do we all feel that the owner should have stayed on and faced his inevitable death? Because we judge him responsible for the demise of the ship. Additionally, his wrong instructions – motivated by greed and the pursuit of celebrity – were a crucial contributing factor. The owner should have been punished (in his future) for things that he has done (in his past). This is intuitively appealing. Would we have rendered the same judgement had the Titanic’s fate been the outcome of accident and accident alone? If the owner of the ship could have had no control over the circumstances of its horrible ending – would we have still condemned him for saving his life? Less severely, perhaps. So, the fact that a moral entity has ACTED (or omitted, or refrained from acting) in its past is essential in dispensing with future rewards or punishments. The "product liability" approach also fits here. The owner (and his "long arms": manufacturer, engineers, builders, etc.) of the Titanic were deemed responsible because they implicitly contracted with their passengers. They made a representation (which was explicit in their case but is implicit in most others): "This ship was constructed with knowledge and forethought. The best design was employed to avoid danger. The best materials to increase pleasure." That the Titanic sank was an irreversible breach of this contract. In a way, it was an act of abrogation of duties and obligations. The owner/manufacturer of a product must compensate the consumers should his product harm them in any manner that they were not explicitly, clearly, visibly and repeatedly warned against.

Compare how the two television programmes Essay

This is an attempt on her part to appear up-to-date, with â€Å"Hollywood speak†, but is also a way for her to patronise Saffy and is symbolic of their relationship. â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† is centered around a heterosexual woman and a homosexual man, with the contrast between them being the key element of the show, The humour here is much more direct than that of â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous†, with great emphasis on sexual innuendos and crude elements. â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† transgresses boundaries, with the two protagonists (Linda and Tom) subverting traditional gender roles. They resemble a married couple, but in reverse – Linda is masculine, while Tom is effeminate. Tom is middle-class and cultured, and sees Linda as beneath him – in the ‘Millennium Special’, he describes her as ‘frighteningly working class. ‘ He is also houseproud, as shown by his Christmas punch and his dismay when Linda broke the decorations (‘Whatever happened to Timothy tree? ‘) He gives the impression of intelligence and often loses patience with Linda, also finding her crude humour too much on occasion: ‘You know, sometimes you make me physically sick. ‘ In contrast, Linda is very masculine and uncultured, loud and direct, yet also childlike and nai ve. She is plainly of low intelligence and enjoys insulting Tom – ‘I ain’t homophobic, I just can’t stand ’em. ‘ She frequently calls him ‘homo’, but in reality this is probably a term of endearment. Although she pretends to despise him, Linda and Tom are dependant on each other, as shown by the scene where Linda is about to go out and Tom clings to her. Linda’s naiveti Regarding her father is a point of humour as in her eyes he can still do no wrong. Her words ‘Daddy wouldn’t lie to me! ‘ bring to mind a small child. Tom frequently uses abbreviations such as ‘ridic’ and ‘phenom’, which adds to his camp image, and strengthens the audience’s perception of him as a stereotypical gay man. Linda’s character, as well as contrasting with Tom, also has elements of contrast within herself: her surname (LaHughes), suggests a far more upmarket woman than she is, and the way in which she dresses is at odds with her naiveti. â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† has strong elements of sexual frustration in both characters , although Tom desires a long-term relationship and domesticity, and Linda simply wants a man. Both the house in â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous† and the flat from â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† are not domesticated, but for different reasons – Patsy and Eddie are always out at work or parties, but Tom and Linda are always at home simply because they have nowhere else to go: â€Å"Phone a bloody friend? What if you haven’t got any friends? † intertextuality is present in both comedies – from the obvious in â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† (Linda and Tom’s discussion of â€Å"Who Wants To Be A Millionnaire† and her referral to the Royle Family as ‘northern ponces’), to the more subtle use of Western music in â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous. † Both programmes involve dysfunctional parent-child relationships, although there is a difference in that Linda’s relationship with her father is off-screen, and Saffy and Edina’s is very much on-screen. Both also have ‘children’ in – Eddie is a wild teenager and Linda is a spoilt younger child. Masculine women are present in both, in the form of Patsy and Linda, although both are masculine in different ways and take on different roles. The use of flashbacks in two episodes (â€Å"Small Opening† and â€Å"Millennium Special†) sum up the attitudes of the two programmes – â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœs shows how the protagonists want life to be, and the show is based upon them wanting better lives. The flashback in â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous† shows how life sued to be, and the characters here are living in the past. A key difference is that Eddie and Patsy truly believe they are in control of their lives and are happy, whereas Linda and Tom are perfectly aware of the fact that they are going nowhere. While â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous† is a satire, there is also a fantasy element about Patsy and Eddie’s uninhibited, hedonistic lifestyles. Both shows’ characters are representative types of society, and there is an absence of men in both – the main theme of both shows. However, in â€Å"Absoultely Fabulous† this is shown to be a positive thing and Patsy and Ednia show no need for them, however â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† is about its protagonists’ loneliness, and is centered around their quest for men (hence the title. ) â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœs comic representation of gender is based upon stereotypes, role reversal and class contrast, whereas â€Å"Absoultely Fabulous† plays on the common idea of how a mother should be, the traditional values they have and women’s independence. Both shows use subversion of roles to great effect in their comic representation of gender.